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Documento de trabajo

XREAP2016-04: PERSISTENT AND TRANSIENT EFFICIENCY ON THE STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION AND COST FRONTIERS – AN APPLICATION TO THE MOTORWAY SECTOR

This paper implements both stochastic production and cost frontier analyses to estimate the efficiency of toll motorway companies in Spain, the country with the largest number of private concessionaires in this economic sector. Our dataset includes 32 concessionaires with different features for a time span of 26 years (1988-2014). The results support the existence of scale and density economies, showing that an increase in vehicle-kilometers is more important for cost efficiency than extending the motorway. The differences between transient and persistent efficiency are significant, so that we can test for regulatory and ownership differences. The price cap regulation seems to increase management technical efficiency. Regional governments grant better projects than central governments and, as shareholders, they also perform better. However, their performance is not significantly differently from that of full private concessionaires. We also find limited evidence of efficiency gains from privatization. These results help us provide new insights to evaluate policy and regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing technical efficiency in the sector.

Albalate, D. (GiM-IREA, XREAP), Rosell, J. (GiM-IREA, XREAP)

XREAP2016-04.pdf

Documento de trabajo

XREAP2016-03: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INNOVATION STRATEGIES? EVIDENCE FROM SPANISH FIRMS

This paper discusses the determinants of two alternative measures of innovative success/output by looking at firm’s innovation strategies. These relationships are also discussed by distinguishing between firms belonging to manufacturing and services sectors.Our econometric analysis is based on an extensive sample of 3,919 firms taken from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) for the period 2008–2012. Alongside the empirical analysis we applied a two-step procedure. We first identified a diverse range of innovation strategies by applying a principal component analysis (absence, mixed and oriented). Then, after controlling for positive skewness of the dependent variables, we used a generalized linear model (GLM) to examine the impact of these strategies. Our empirical results have some interesting aspects. Firstly, firms that do not design innovation strategies have a lower probability of being a successful innovative firm. Secondly, firms that design a strategy, but one that is not oriented on any specific direction, are prone to achieving lower success rates than firms with an oriented strategy. Finally, the results also show that there is a good fit between the oriented strategy pursued by a firm and its innovation success.

Jové-Llopis, E. (GRIT, XREAP); Segarra, A. (GRIT, XREAP)

XREAP2016-03.pdf

Documento de trabajo

XREAP2016-02: FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS AND THE FAILURE OF INNOVATION PROJECTS

Theoretical and empirical approaches have stressed the existence of financial constraints in firms’ innovative activities. Although a large number of innovation projects are abandoned before their completion, the empirical evidence has focused on the determinants of innovation while failed projects have received little attention. This paper analyses the role of financial obstacles on the likelihood of abandoning an innovation project by using panel data of potential innovative Spanish firms for the period 2005–2013. Our analysis differentiates between internal and external barriers on the probability of abandoning a project and we examine whether the effects are different depending on the stage of the innovation process. Controlling for potential endogeneity, we use a bivariate probit model to take into account the simultaneity of financial constraints and the decision to abandon an innovation project. Our results show that financial constraints most affect the probability of abandoning an innovation project during the concept stage.

García-Quevedo, J. (IEB, XREAP); Segarra, A. (GRIT, XREAP); Teruel, M. (GRIT, XREAP)

XREAP2016-02.pdf

Documento de trabajo

XREAP2016-01: MODELIZACIÓN DE LA DEPENDENCIA DEL NÚMERO DE SINIESTROS. APLICACIÓN A SOLVENCIA II

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la dependencia entre dos subcarteras en el requerimiento de capital obligatorio (SCR) por primas y reservas en una cartera de seguros no vida. Para ello, la dependencia se establece entre el número de siniestros de cada subcartera, que se modeliza mediante un choque común. A continuación, se plantean diversas opciones para el cálculo de la distribución del coste total en la cartera agregada, obteniéndose fórmulas explícitas en algunos casos. Finalmente, se incluye una aplicación práctica a partir de datos de una cartera real de seguros de automóviles.

Castañer, A. (CREB, XREAP); Claramunt, M M. (CREB, XREAP); Tadeo, A.; Varea, J. (CREB, XREAP)

XREAP2016-01.pdf